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\data\alt\turcet
 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*u"c?u"k- (?)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"beautiful, handsomeface="Times New Roman Star"красивый, милый














face="Times New Roman Star"u"c?u"gejface="Times New Roman Star"u"c?u"gej











face="Times New Roman Star"Stachowski 248. Despite VEWT 518, hardly < Mong. o"c?u"ken 'small' (which has quite a different origin, see *n|o:/jc?u.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jAn|gakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"walnutface="Times New Roman Star"грецкий орехface="Times New Roman Star"jag|aq (Orkh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jag|aq (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"jan|aq, z?|an|g|aq (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"jan|g|aq (Pav. C., Бор. Бад.)face="Times New Roman Star"jo|n|g|o|qface="Times New Roman Star"jan|aq, jan|g|aq

face="Times New Roman Star"jan|aq, jan|g|aq (dial.)


face="Times New Roman Star"jag|a:q




face="Times New Roman Star"z?|an|aq, z?|an|g|aqface="Times New Roman Star"z?an|g|aq




face="Times New Roman Star"z?an|g|aq

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 186, ЭСТЯ 4, 59-60, Лексика 112. Turkic > Hung. dio/ (see MNyTESz 1, 641).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jamface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"post stationface="Times New Roman Star"почтовая станцияface="Times New Roman Star"jam (late OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"jam (Red.)face="Times New Roman Star"jam (possibly from Russian)face="Times New Roman Star"jam (Abush., Sangl.)























face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 183, EDT 933. Turk. > MMong. z?|am 'post station', WMong. z?|am 'way, street, road' (hardly vice versa; see the discussion in Щербак 1997, 195). Mong. > Man. g/amun, Nan. jamo, Ul. jamu.(n), see Doerfer MT 142 (with a strange initial reflex, suggesting rather an unattested Mong. variant *jam; Chinese origin suggested by Doerfer TMN 4, 110-118 is improbable - for purely phonetical reasons: the actual Middle Chinese form was not "*g\am oder a"hnlich", as suggested ibid., but t.e/m; even the later fricativized shape c?am (Zhongyuan yinyun) can hardly have yielded Mong. z?|am, to say nothing of the TM variants with j-).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jol/aface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"red clayface="Times New Roman Star"красная глина

face="Times New Roman Star"jos?a (SDD)
face="Times New Roman Star"jus?a (MA)






face="Times New Roman Star"joz?o

face="Times New Roman Star"soho


face="Times New Roman Star"z?|os?o








face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 128, ЭСТЯ 4, 31. Turk. > MMong. (MA) z?|us?a, WMong. z?|osa 'red clay, red earth' (rather than vice versa, despite VEWT 128 - although forms with -s- like Kaz., KKalp. z?osa are reborrowed from Mong.).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jAl-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to be afraid 2 to suspect, slander 3 slanderface="Times New Roman Star"1 бояться 2 подозревать, клеветать 3 клеветаface="Times New Roman Star"jala 3 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jala- 2, jala 3 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jyl- 1, Osm. jal-face="Times New Roman Star"jala 3face="Times New Roman Star"jala 3 (MKypch. - CCum.)






face="Times New Roman Star"d'ala 'fine, charge'

face="Times New Roman Star"jula 3


face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ala 3, z?|ala- 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?ala 3face="Times New Roman Star"jala 3face="Times New Roman Star"jala 3


face="Times New Roman Star"z?ala 3

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 200, EDT 918-919, ЭСТЯ 4, 87, Федотов 2, 483.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jem-u"r-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to crush, destroy 2 to curse, reproachface="Times New Roman Star"1 ломать, разрушать 2 порицать, упрекатьface="Times New Roman Star"jemir- (OUygh.) 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"jemu"r- (MK) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|imer- 1face="Times New Roman Star"jimir-, ju"mu"r- (R., Буд.) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"jimir- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ju"mu"r- 1face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"nebir- 1face="Times New Roman Star"jemir-, d/emir- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s/@w|m@w|r- 2, 1

face="Times New Roman Star"c?emir- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|emir- 2, 1
face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- 1face="Times New Roman Star"jemer- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?emir- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- 1face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 937, VEWT 197, ЭСТЯ 4, 183-184, Егоров 210. The meaning 'crush, destroy, widespread in modern languages, must be a secondary development from the original more abstract 'harm' (whence also 'curse, reproach').
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"n|-ed-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to tune (an instrument) 2 to recuperate 3 to remedyface="Times New Roman Star"1 настраивать (инструмент) 2 выздоравливать 3 лечитьface="Times New Roman Star"o"n|ed- 2, o"n|edtu"r- (caus.) 3 (OUygh.)












face="Times New Roman Star"(Anatri) @ner- 1



face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|de- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|de- 2




face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|de- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 179, 182, Егоров 64, Мудрак 135. Федотов 1, 153 compares the Chuv. form with OT on|ar- 'to correct', which is phonetically worse.
face="Times New Roman Star"*u:c?aface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 rump 2 back 3 loins, buttocksface="Times New Roman Star"1 крестец 2 спина 3 задница, ягодицыface="Times New Roman Star"uc?a (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a (MK) 2face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|a 'hip'face="Times New Roman Star"u>c?a 1face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|a (AH), uc?a (AH, Pav. C.) 2, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a 2face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|a, uc?a 1
face="Times New Roman Star"u:z?|a 1face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a 2face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a 1face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a 2
face="Times New Roman Star"v@w|z?|@w| 1face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|un|ax 3
face="Times New Roman Star"uz?a 1
face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a 1
face="Times New Roman Star"us?a 1face="Times New Roman Star"u>sa 1





face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 20, ЭСТЯ 1, 566-567. The Yak. form has an irregular -z?|-.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ojmaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 felt out of which boots are made 2 leather or skin bagface="Times New Roman Star"1 войлок для сапог 2 кожаный мешок
face="Times New Roman Star"ojma (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"ojma (Sangl.)























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 273 (but derivation from Uj- 'squeeze', supported also by Clark 1977, 159, is highly dubious because of external parallels).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ol/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a k. of plantface="Times New Roman Star"вид растения









face="Times New Roman Star"ozyj 'волчье лыко'face="Times New Roman Star"ozyj 'волчье лыко' (Kond.), yzy 'чернотал' (Mras.)

face="Times New Roman Star"v@w|ld@w|ren 'nettle'














face="Times New Roman Star"*Kusykface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"nutface="Times New Roman Star"орех
face="Times New Roman Star"qusyq 'pine kernel' (ML)







face="Times New Roman Star"xuzux
face="Times New Roman Star"qusuq



face="Times New Roman Star"qu'suqface="Times New Roman Star"quzuq









face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 667, TMN 3, 475, ЭСТЯ 6, 23-24.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:.dil/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"vesselface="Times New Roman Star"сосудface="Times New Roman Star"edis? (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ed/d|is? (MK), ijis? (IM)

face="Times New Roman Star"edis? (Abush., Sangl.), id|is? (Qutb)



face="Times New Roman Star"i:dis? (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"dial. edis

face="Times New Roman Star"hidi:.s?
face="Times New Roman Star"ihit
face="Times New Roman Star"idis?face="Times New Roman Star"idis?face="Times New Roman Star"idis?face="Times New Roman Star"ydys




face="Times New Roman Star"ydys

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 36, EDT 72, ЭСТЯ 1, 328-329. Turk. > Mong. idis? (see Щербак 1997, 119). Yak. ihit < isit < itis; most of the other modern forms are probably backloans < Mong.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bia:tface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"swift, quickface="Times New Roman Star"быстрыйface="Times New Roman Star"bat (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"bat (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"pat 'suddenly'
face="Times New Roman Star"bat (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"bo|tface="Times New Roman Star"pat

face="Times New Roman Star"ba:da 'at once'



face="Times New Roman Star"pid@ ( < *pu"d@?) 'most, very'

face="Times New Roman Star"pat 'extremely'
face="Times New Roman Star"bat








face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 65, EDT 296, Егоров 162, Федотов 1, 437.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ugu-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"tinderface="Times New Roman Star"трут













face="Times New Roman Star"ъw|vъw|













face="Times New Roman Star"Мудрак Дисс. 147.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sep-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to equip, fit out, add 2 addition; dowryface="Times New Roman Star"1 прибавлять, снаряжать 2 добавка, приданоеface="Times New Roman Star"sep- 1(OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2face="Times New Roman Star"sip 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2face="Times New Roman Star"sa"p 2

face="Times New Roman Star"sep-li `with a dowry'

face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sap-la- 'to compensate'face="Times New Roman Star"ep- 1, ebi: 'more, additionally'face="Times New Roman Star"ebi: 'more, additionally'

face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2


face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2

face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 783, 784, VEWT 410, Stachowski 43. Turk. > WMong. seb, see KW 320.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sEbru"kface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"sturgeonface="Times New Roman Star"севрюга


face="Times New Roman Star"so"jro"k




face="Times New Roman Star"su"jrik










face="Times New Roman Star"su"jrik





face="Times New Roman Star"su"jru"kface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 438, TMN 3, 291, Лексика 178, ЭСТЯ 7. Cf. also Chuv. s?@v@r sъmsa lit. 'sharp nose' (a contamination). Turk. > Hung. so?reg, see MNyTESz 3, 581.
face="Times New Roman Star"*siakaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"knuckleboneface="Times New Roman Star"бабка, косточка

face="Times New Roman Star"saka (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"sag|a
face="Times New Roman Star"so|qaface="Times New Roman Star"saqa

face="Times New Roman Star"saqa (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"sog|a (dial.)


face="Times New Roman Star"s?uk 'жох'

face="Times New Roman Star"saGa
face="Times New Roman Star"saqaface="Times New Roman Star"saqaface="Times New Roman Star"saqaface="Times New Roman Star"haqa, hag|a


face="Times New Roman Star"saqa
face="Times New Roman Star"saqaface="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 7, TMN 3, 254, Ашм. XVII, 214, Дыбо 1993. Turk. > WMong. saqa, Kalm. sax@ (KW 308).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bAn/akface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"dungface="Times New Roman Star"навозface="Times New Roman Star"majaq (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"majaq, bajnaq (MK, Oghuz XI c.)



face="Times New Roman Star"majaq









face="Times New Roman Star"myjaqface="Times New Roman Star"myjaq









face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 322, 336, EDT 350.
face="Times New Roman Star"*suguface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"water bucketface="Times New Roman Star"ведро для воды



face="Times New Roman Star"sug|ur (Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"sug|a



face="Times New Roman Star"so: (Верб.)




face="Times New Roman Star"so: 'bucket made of birch bark'face="Times New Roman Star"so: 'bucket made of birch bark'









face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 431.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sa:lface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"rafterface="Times New Roman Star"плот
face="Times New Roman Star"sal (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"salface="Times New Roman Star"salface="Times New Roman Star"sal (AH, Pav. C., Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"so|lface="Times New Roman Star"sal
face="Times New Roman Star"salface="Times New Roman Star"sa:lface="Times New Roman Star"salface="Times New Roman Star"salface="Times New Roman Star"sal
face="Times New Roman Star"solъface="Times New Roman Star"a:l
face="Times New Roman Star"sal
face="Times New Roman Star"salface="Times New Roman Star"salface="Times New Roman Star"salface="Times New Roman Star"hal

face="Times New Roman Star"salface="Times New Roman Star"salface="Times New Roman Star"salface="Times New Roman Star"salface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 824, VEWT 397, Лексика 537, Федотов 2, 59, ЭСТЯ 7. Turk. > MMong. (SH) sal, WMong. sal, Kalm. sal (KW 309; TMN 3, 231, Щербак 1997, 144).
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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